Adel Mahmoud et al., (eds), The Threat of Pandemic Inluenza:
Are We Ready? Workshop Summary (Washington DC: National
Academies Press, 2005), 57–110; David van Reybrouck, Congo:
The Epic History of a People (New York: HarperCollins, 2014),
164; Siddharth Chandra, Goran
Kuljanin and Jennifer Wray, ‘Mortality from the Inluenza
Pandemic of 1918–1919: The Case of India’, Demography 49:3
(2012), 857–65; George C. Kohn, Encyclopedia of Plague and
Pestilence: From Ancient Times to the Present, 3rd edn (New
York: Facts on File, 2008), 363.
12. The averages between 2005 and 2010 were 4.6 per cent
globally, 7.9 per cent in Africa and 0.7 per cent in Europe and
North America. See: ‘Infant Mortality Rate (Both Sexes
Combined) by Major Area, Region and Country, 1950–2010
(Infant Deaths for 1000 Live Births), Estimates’, World
Population Prospects: the 2010 Revision, UN Department of
Economic and Social Affairs, April 2011, accessed 26 May
2012, http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Excel-Data/mortality. htm.
See also Alain Bideau, Bertrand Desjardins and Hector Perez-
Brignoli (eds), Infant and Child Mortality in the Past (Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1997); Edward Anthony Wrigley et al., English
Population History from Family Reconstitution, 1580–1837
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 295–6, 303.
13. David A. Koplow, Smallpox: The Fight to Eradicate a Global
Scourge (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004); Abdel
R. Omran, ‘The Epidemiological Transition: A Theory of
Population Change’, Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 83:4
(2005), 731–57; Thomas McKeown, The Modern Rise of
Populations (New York: Academic Press, 1976); Simon Szreter,